Pine is one of the type of tree which is also a type of the genus. The pine tree is the family of Pinaceae. The word pinaceae meant for coniferous family of trees and same category of coniferous shrubs which comprises plants having needle or spine shaped leaves, woody cones, grained of fine wood, it is fleshy and consists of membranous scales. The trees based on the family of Pinaceae have a greater value in economic. It is divided into more families in smaller that is Cupressaceous, Araucariaceae, and Taxodiaceae. The pine family and about pine species in Zirbenholz Produkte in upcoming paragraphs
Family
The Pinaceae is based on the kingdom Plantae; based on the class of the Pinopsida; based on the order of Pinales; based on the division of Pinophyta. The family Pinaceae have subfamilies namely Piceoideae, the tree based on the family is Picea; Laricoideae, the tree based on the family is Larix, Cathaya; Abietoideae, the tree based on the family is Abies, Cedrus, Pseudolarix, Keteleeria and Tsuga; Pinoideae, the tree based on the family is Pinus; Abietoideae, the tree based on the family is Cedrus, Tsuga, Abies, Pseudolarix, Nothotsuga.
Constitutive defences
They include periderm cells which are lignified, sclerified cells, resins and phenolic which is of secondary compounds. These defences get protection immediately from new invaders and also defeated by the antagonists. The secondary compounds are been preserving in polyphenolic parenchyma cells of vacuoles in the parts of secondary phloem.
Induced defences
In this type of induced defences usage of the mechanism is the resin of Pinaceae. Resin in a short term that is composed of a combination of complex reaction which involves volatility of sesquiterpenes which is the formula of (C 15) and mono which is the formula of –(C10), another form of defence is diterpene of non-volatility resin acid (C20). They are also stored in areas of secretory which is known as blisters resin, resin ducts, and resin cavities. The mechanism that found against the family of Pinaceae in their secretory tissues of roots, leaves and as well as in tree stems. The part of Oleoresin is said to be the most valuable part of the defence mechanism in the conifer against the attack of biotic. The resins mostly have their abilities to wash far away of their defence mechanisms, antagonists to fend it off, even to trap itself and also in sealing of wounds. The another more of defence mechanism is that they have an inhabit effects based on the invaders which in such as pathogen and as well as in insects. They developed the resin to give a defence in an evolutionary against the attack of bark beetle.
Research
The active research is happened in methyl jasmonate based on the mechanism of defence. In the family of Pinaceae by a study of an antagonist. The plant of methyl jasmonate which is based on the species of Pinaceae has an ability to reduce defence mechanism. The cells of PP get activated and as well as the traumatic resin ducts in xylem formation which is shortly called as TD. The methyl jasmonate involves in the releasing mechanism of resin and phenolic.